Investigating environmental sustainability applications using advanced monitoring systems

Abstract

This study employs an Internet of Things (IoT)-based simulation to investigate environmental parameters critical to sustainability and public health. Over a 10-hour period, temporal variations in air quality parameters, including carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter (PM2.5), were monitored. CO2 levels exhibited a decline from 400 ppm to 375 ppm, suggesting improvements in ventilation and reduced emissions. NO2 levels consistently decreased from 25 to 22 ppm, indicative of effective emissions control measures, while PM2.5 levels increased from 10 to 25 μg/m³, possibly influenced by transient factors. Water quality monitoring revealed fluctuations in dissolved oxygen (DO) levels (8.20–8.80 mg/L) and pH levels (7.00–7.35) over 10 hours, emphasizing the dynamic nature of aquatic ecosystems. Soil moisture levels stood at 29.48%, and energy consumption was recorded at 270 units, highlighting the importance of resource-efficient management. The significance of IoT-enabled monitoring in tracking and responding to environmental parameter changes, contributing to environmental sustainability and public health. Continuous data collection empowers stakeholders to make informed decisions for improved air and water quality, sustainable agriculture, and energy efficiency. Further research aims to enhance simulation realism and validate findings against real-world IoT deployments.