Cd4+ CELL COUNTS IN THE PATIENTS OF HIV INFECTED IN SALEM

Abstract

Human ImmunoDeficienfy Virus( HIV) targets the CD4+ positive leading to cytopathic effects and chronic immune activation followed by eventual depletion of CD4+ lymphocytes and serve immune suppression. Treatment with combination antiretroviral therepy has lead to dramatic improvements in HIVrelated morbidity and mortality. The progressive depletion of CD4+ lymphoytes is the cardinal event in the pathogenesis during the infection by human immunodeficiency virus. The absolute number of these CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood is the single most important parameter for monitoring tha disease associated with HIV infection.CD4+ Tcell enumeration is essential in three areas. First, CD4 counts are used to assess, The degree of immune deterioration as a surrogate marker for HIV induced damage and repeated CD4 tests define a decline slope of CD4 counts as an indication of the speed of progression towards Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) , with the help of baseline CD4 counts , patients are placed for
appropritate timing of starting antiretro viral therapy (ART) and to define the starting point for efficient prophylaxis against opportunistic infection . Secondly, while on therapy , improvement in CD4 counts is indicative of the efficacy of ART . Finally, epidermiological AIDS surveillance is based on CD4 counts to help define an anticipated welfare and health care needed .There is indeed an urgency to make it possible to deliver efficient therapy to patients at the right time, to guard against unmonitored drug distribution of resistance to commonly used drug and to dispel an out –dated myths that flow cytometry is too complex, Expensive and complicated for routine use in wide areas of the globe. The successful ART is associated with potent suppression of HIV replication as measured by falling HIV/AIDS viral load and improvement in immune function with increased CD4+ lymphocyte numbers. Both previously sequestered memory CD4+ cells and naïve lymphocytes are involved in the immune reconstruction .