Exploring the therapeutic implications of nanoparticles for liquid tumors: A comprehensive review with special emphasis on green synthesis techniques in the context of Dalton’s lymphoma

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as promising tools for treating and diagnosing various diseases, including cancer, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and immune-related diseases. Multiple reviews have been published compiling the effects of NPs on different illnesses. However, a few reviews are available regarding the impact of NPs on liquid tumors. Therefore, this review aims to advance knowledge in this direction by drawing conclusions from research on Dalton’s lymphoma (DL), a type of T-cell lymphoma, for the therapeutic implication for liquid tumors. NPs synthesized from both metals (such as silver, gold, copper, and zinc) and nonmetals (such as silica, selenium, polymer, and lipid-based) have been tested for their anticancer efficacy against DL. These NPs reduce the viability of DL cells in a dose-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis. In mice, NPs increase the lifespan, reduce tumor growth, and restore the normal physiology and structure of organs such as the liver, spleen, and kidney. NPs synthesized from plant sources or through some chemical compounds proved effective in reducing the cytotoxicity of NPs. This review will provide basic information on DL and discuss the various types of NPs used against it, their significance for therapeutics of T-cell lymphoma or liquid tumors and conclude with some major findings that can guide future research in this field. By synthesizing the latest research on NPs and DL, this review will serve as a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians alike in their efforts to combat liquid tumors.