Impact of a Targeted Training Module on Premenopausal Osteoporosis Care: A Pilot Evaluation

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a major health concern in premenopausal women due to hormonal changes that accelerate bone loss. Early intervention through education and lifestyle modification is essential to reduce risk and progression. This pilot study evaluated the effectiveness of a structured training module for osteoporosis prevention and management in this population. Methods: A quasi-experimental pilot study was conducted among 30 purposively selected perimenopausal women at risk of or diagnosed with osteoporosis. Baseline knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) were assessed using a validated questionnaire. Participants received a comprehensive training module covering bone health, nutrition, and physical activity. Post-intervention assessment was performed after four weeks (33 days). Data were analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA.Results: The instruments demonstrated high validity and reliability (I-CVI ≥ 0.80, S-CVI ≥ 0.90, CVR ≥ 0.86; Cronbach’s α = 0.916; KR-20 = 0.87; test–retest = 0.95). Repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant improvements (p < 0.001) across multiple domains: knowledge (7.6 ± 2.3 to 15.5 ± 1.4; η² = 0.596), physical functioning (21 ± 22.3 to 68.7 ± 8.3; η² = 0.649), energy/fatigue (14 ± 9.1 to 72.7 ± 10.2; η² = 0.896), and emotional well-being (15.5 ± 8.8 to 71.2 ± 8.4; η² = 0.878). Significant gains were also observed in social functioning (η² = 0.668), pain reduction (η² = 0.838), general health (η² = 0.785), and self-management practices (gain = 1.20 vs. 0.30, p < 0.001). Post-hoc analyses confirmed that improvements were sustained at follow-up. Baseline demographic equivalence enhanced internal validity. Conclusion: The structured training module effectively improved knowledge, self-care practices, and overall well-being among perimenopausal women, supporting its use for osteoporosis prevention and management.