Pearson Correlation Study of Selected Soil Samples of the Eastern Region of Deoghar (PCSSSSERD)

Abstract

Soil fertility and crop productivity are strongly controlled by soil physico-chemical properties and their interaction with nutrients. The present study was conducted to evaluate the nutrient status and interrelationships among soil properties of the eastern region of Deoghar district, Jharkhand, using Pearson correlation analysis. Surface soil samples were collected from five agricultural regions, namely Deoghar, Karon, Sarath, Palojori and Mohanpur and analysed for soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), available macronutrients (N, P, K), secondary nutrients (Ca, Mg, S) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu).
The soils were found to be slightly acidic to near neutral, with pH values ranging from 5.2 to 6.7, and non-saline, as EC values ranged between 0.20 and 0.40 dS m⁻¹. Organic carbon content was low to medium (0.15–0.65%), indicating moderate soil fertility. Available nitrogen and phosphorus showed wide variation, while potassium was present at medium to high levels. Calcium and magnesium contents varied moderately across the study area and micronutrient levels were mostly within permissible limits.
Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong and systematic relationships among soil properties and nutrients. Soil pH showed a very strong positive correlation with calcium (r = 0.964) and a negative correlation with iron and zinc, explaining frequent micronutrient deficiencies in crops. Electrical conductivity showed strong positive relationships with potassium and phosphorus, while organic carbon exhibited strong positive correlations with magnesium and zinc, highlighting its role in nutrient retention. Several antagonistic interactions among nutrients were also observed.
The study clearly demonstrates that soil pH, EC, organic carbon and nutrient interactions are the key factors controlling nutrient availability in the region. The findings provide a strong scientific basis for soil-test-based fertilizer recommendations, balanced nutrient management and sustainable agricultural practices, which can help improve crop productivity and soil health in the eastern region of Deoghar district.