Model Building with Antecedents and Consequences of Workplace Bullying: A SPAR-4-SLR approach using ADO-TCCM Framework with Bibliometric Analysis

Abstract

Workplace bullying has emerged as a universal workplace problem having implications for employees’ psychological well-being, job satisfaction, and organizational performance. In the last two decades, research on workplace bullying has grown significantly across diverse sectors and cultural contexts. This review paper creates an existing literature on workplace bullying to provide a detailed understanding of workplace bullying with a focus on prevalence, theoretical underpinnings, context, characteristics, and methodological approaches used in research. The review paper categorizes findings of workplace bullying using the Antecedents–Decisions–Outcomes (ADO) framework, mapping key drivers such as Individual Factors, Job Factors, Interpersonal Factors, Leadership Factors, Organizational Factors, and Environmental Factors; the decisions employees make in response to bullying, including Psychological Decisions, Occupational Decisions, Social Exchange Decisions, Managerial Decisions, Organizational Decisions, and Societal/Legal Decisions; and the outcomes that manifest in terms of Mental Health Outcomes, Workplace Behavioral Outcomes, Career/Workplace Outcomes, Trust & Social Exchange Outcomes, Task/Output Outcomes, Well-Being & Health Outcomes, and Structural/Policy Outcomes. Despite the significant research on workplace bullying, gaps remain in exploring the role of digital environments and the effectiveness of preventive interventions. This review paper contributes to theory and practice by consolidating fragmented research. With the help of bibliometric analysis, we identified emerging themes of workplace bullying, and offer directions for future research.