Enhanced AOMDV-based multipath routing approach for mobile ad-hoc network using ETX and ant colony optimization

Authors

  • S. Munawara Banu Research Scholar, PG and Research Department of Computer Science, Jamal Mohamed College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli-20, Tamilnadu, India.
  • M. Mohamed Surputheen Associate Professor, PG and Research Department of Computer Science, Jamal Mohamed College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli-20, Tamilnadu, India.
  • M. Rajakumar Associate Professor, PG and Research Department of Computer Science, Jamal Mohamed College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli-20, Tamilnadu, India.

Keywords:

MANET, Multipath Routing, AOMDV, Expected Transmission Count

Abstract

Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) are self-organizing and flexible networks where communication takes place with no fixed infrastructure. The network has a dynamic nature because the devices constantly change position. Due to this, establishing reliable and scalable connections, particularly in routing and route discovery, is a challenging task here. This mobility and topological changes is taken into consideration by the ad-hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) protocol by creating numerous paths to a destination, hence improving network resilience. This research proposes to combine the ant colony optimisation (ACO) and expected transmission count (ETX) to optimise the performance of the AOMDV protocol. The ETX metric determines the number of retransmissions needed and determines the probability that a packet will be delivered successfully in order to determine the quality of the network. The ACO is a nature-inspired method that is used to enhance the efficiency of route discovery. By combining ETX and ACO with AOMDV, vital improvements in route discovery and computational efficiency are achieved. The proposed algorithm enhances network performance and energy efficiency in dynamic MANET environments by simulating it in a network simulator and assesses the results of route discovery time, throughput, end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, and energy usage.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Downloads

Published


Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Date::getDaysFromStartOfWeek(): Implicitly marking parameter $weekStartsAt as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Date.php on line 1394

Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Date::setDaysFromStartOfWeek(): Implicitly marking parameter $weekStartsAt as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Date.php on line 1412

Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Date::utcOffset(): Implicitly marking parameter $minuteOffset as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Date.php on line 1481

Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Localization::locale(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Localization.php on line 447

Deprecated: Symfony\Contracts\Translation\TranslatorInterface::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation-contracts/TranslatorInterface.php on line 62

Deprecated: Symfony\Contracts\Translation\TranslatorInterface::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation-contracts/TranslatorInterface.php on line 62

Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Test::setDefaultTimezone(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Test.php on line 203

Deprecated: Return type of Carbon\Traits\Date::createFromTimestamp($timestamp, $tz = null) should either be compatible with DateTime::createFromTimestamp(int|float $timestamp): static, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Timestamp.php on line 29

Deprecated: Carbon\CarbonTimeZone::toOffsetName(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/CarbonTimeZone.php on line 158

Deprecated: Carbon\CarbonTimeZone::toOffsetTimeZone(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/CarbonTimeZone.php on line 172

Deprecated: Carbon\CarbonTimeZone::toRegionName(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/CarbonTimeZone.php on line 188

Deprecated: Carbon\CarbonTimeZone::toRegionTimeZone(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/CarbonTimeZone.php on line 230

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $formatter as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 71

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $cacheDir as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 71

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::addResource(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 109

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 176

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 176

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::getCatalogue(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 211

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\MessageCatalogue::all(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/MessageCatalogue.php on line 66

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\MessageCatalogueInterface::all(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/MessageCatalogueInterface.php on line 42

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\TranslatorBagInterface::getCatalogue(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/TranslatorBagInterface.php on line 28

Deprecated: Carbon\AbstractTranslator::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $formatter as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/AbstractTranslator.php on line 81

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Formatter\MessageFormatter::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $translator as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Formatter/MessageFormatter.php on line 31

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Formatter\MessageFormatter::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $intlFormatter as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Formatter/MessageFormatter.php on line 31

Deprecated: Symfony\Contracts\Translation\TranslatorTrait::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation-contracts/TranslatorTrait.php on line 44

Deprecated: Symfony\Contracts\Translation\TranslatorTrait::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/me0q8pmuecdl/scientifictemper.com/ojs-3.4/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation-contracts/TranslatorTrait.php on line 44
30-06-2025

Issue

Section

Research article

How to Cite

Enhanced AOMDV-based multipath routing approach for mobile ad-hoc network using ETX and ant colony optimization . (2025). The Scientific Temper, 16(06), 4477-4486. https://scientifictemper.com/index.php/tst/article/view/2055

Similar Articles

31-40 of 84

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.

Most read articles by the same author(s)