The Scientific Temper

EMSMOTE: Ensemble multiclass synthetic minority oversampling technique to improve accuracy of multilingual sentiment analysis on imbalance data

Ayesha Shakith, L. Arockiam — Fri, 20 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Natural language processing (NLP) tasks, such as multilingual sentiment analysis, are inherently challenging, especially when dealing with unbalanced data. A dataset is considered imbalanced when one class significantly dominates the others, creating an unbalanced distribution. In many domains, the minority class holds crucial information, presenting unique challenges. This research addresses these challenges using an ensemble-based oversampling technique, EMSMOTE (Ensemble Multiclass Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique). By leveraging SMOTE, EMSMOTE generates multiple synthetic datasets to train various classifiers. The proposed model, when combined with an ensemble random forest classifier, attained an impressive accuracy of 90.73%. This ensemble approach not only mitigates the effects of noisy synthetic samples introduced by SMOTE but also showcases significant enhancement in the overall performance in tackling class imbalances.

Floristic composition in Paramananda Devara Gudda A sacred grove at Lingadahalli Village Devadurga Taluk Raichur District Karnataka, India

Theophilus Deenadayal, Tarun Jain — Fri, 20 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Sacred groves are an important feature of any preservation of diversity as they are ecological, cultural and medicinal assets. A survey conducted in this study aimed to determine floral diversity in the Paramananda Devara Gudda sacred grove utilizing Shannon–Wiener (SW = 4.29), Simpson’s Diversity (SD = 1.00) and Species Diversity (SD = 0.78). The analysis pointed out a number of genera, that is, Crotalaria and Indigofera having the most species (10 species of each) other than Blumea and Vachellia with 5 species each respectively. Other genera, which also pointed to the high diversities within the site included Cleome, Cyperus, Phyllanthus and Ziziphus. This grove is not only valuable in terms of having unique and outstanding features as ecological and cultural taxa, nitrogen-fixing plants including Indigofera and Crotalaria, Phyllanthus, Ocimum as medicinal plants, and multipurpose plants including Ziziphus. High indices are explained by the values of effective species equality and the species sharing minimal impacts, the low-representation genera match with called for conservation program. The Paramananda Devara Gudda is a holy grove performing vital ecosystem services of conservation and hence is a very important biore-cultural site. The present research focuses on the community approach to sustainable management of regional diversity and cultural resources.

Comparison of the acute metabolic and cardiovascular effects of electrical stimulation and voluntary exercise

Fri, 20 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Despite being marketed as a fat reduction tool, the effects of electrical stimulation on blood lipid profiles remain underexplored. This study aimed to compare the acute effects of electrical stimulation and voluntary exercise on heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and blood lipid parameters, including cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL levels. Ten healthy males (mean age: 24.6 ± 1.35 years) participated in a randomized crossover study. Each underwent 20 minutes of either electrical stimulation (faradic current at 50 Hz, 3 seconds stimulation, 6 seconds rest, applied bilaterally to quadriceps) or cycling (60-70% of maximal heart rate), with a 7-day washout period between sessions. Pre- and post-intervention measures included heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL levels. Electrical stimulation significantly altered post-treatment values for cholesterol (183.6 ± 10.94 vs. 185.5 ± 9.70 mg/dL), triglycerides (127.62 ± 29.52 vs. 128.5 ± 29.07 mg/dL), HDL (40.30 ± 4.69 vs. 39.17 ± 5.23 mg/dL), and heart rate (65.60 ± 7.79 vs. 61.40 ± 8.67 beats/min) compared to pre-treatment values (p < 0.05). Similar changes were observed in the cycling group. These findings suggest that electrical stimulation has the potential to influence blood lipid profiles, comparable to moderate-intensity cycling, highlighting its potential as an alternative intervention and warranting further research.

Adsorptive remediation of hexavalent chromium using agro-waste rice husk: Optimization of process parameters and functional groups characterization using FTIR analysis

Fri, 20 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] is considered as a toxic heavy metal in water bodies, posing global environmental and health risks. It has various detrimental impacts on the environment and human beings. The remediation of such toxicants from polluted sites has become essential for the good health of our ecosystem. Adsorption is a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for the efficient removal of such toxic heavy metals. In this study, the potential of an agro-waste material like rice husk (adsorbent) was investigated for remediation of the Cr(VI), and various parameters affecting the adsorption process were optimized to obtain the optimal conditions for effective remediation. By utilizing rice husk, the maximum 96.5% of Cr(VI) remediation efficiency was observed at an initial Cr(VI) level of 100 mg/L, pH 2, temperature 40oC with an adsorbent dosage of 26 g/L. The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of rice husk with and without Cr (VI) indicated the functional group involvement in the metal adsorption. This study highlights the potential of agricultural waste, rice husk as an effective adsorbent material that may possibly employed in the remediation of Cr (VI) at a larger level.

Existence and uniqueness of solutions for exponential fractional differential equations

Kamble Rajratna M., Kulkarni Pramod R. — Fri, 20 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this paper, we have discuss some results on existence and uniqueness theorems for exponential definition fractional differential equation of orderAnd proved theorem existence and uniqueness theorems for sequential exponential definition fractional differential equations of order n and give examples to support results.

Analysis of distributions using stochastic models with fuzzy random variables

Senthil Murugan C, Vijayabalan Dhanabal, Sukumaran D, Suresh G, Senthilkumar P — Fri, 20 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The significance of this paper lies in the investigation of a novel method for comparing the expectations of stochastic models in fuzzy settings. In order to comprehend actuarial science and economical modeling, stochastic models are necessary. The primary benefit of the paper is to comprehend the novel ideas of stochastic comparison of stochastic models built on the exponential order. We applied the fuzzy mean inactivity time order definition, solved the preservation properties and theorem, and created a new definition. Applications involving stochastic models are presented.

A scoping review of influence of lifestyle factors on menstrual disorders in menstruating women

Chaitanya A. Kulkarni, Reema Joshi, Isha Katariya, Tushar Palekar — Fri, 20 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Menstruation is a natural occurrence for every female, starting from adolescence to menopausal age. Menstrual irregularities can eventually have an impact on one's physical and mental health, which lowers women's quality of life. The objective of this study was to explore the different lifestyle factors affecting menstrual disorders. Therefore, this scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of menstrual disorders and lifestyle factors like physical activity, diet, sleep, water intake, nutrition, addictions, caffeine intake, stress affecting menses, and the importance of lifestyle modification. An extensive search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar keywords. Conclusion: Menstrual disorders were significantly associated with an increase in BMI, a sedentary lifestyle, exposure to passive smoking, excessive coffee drinking, perceived stress and frequent consumption of fast food, non-vegetarian food, less water intake, inadequate sleep, physical inactivity, and diet. Healthy dietary habits, physical activity, and various other modifications to one's lifestyle can significantly lower the risk of menstruation disorders and reduce the severity of more serious health issues.

Coefficient of absorption cross section of RN black holes

Kumari Sammy, Sumita Singh — Fri, 20 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the absorption cross section of Reissner Nordstrom (RN) black holes at high energies.It also examines the graphical relationship between absorption cross section, mass and frequency and compares them to those of the Schwarzschild black holes.Some standard approximations like Regge pole technique, Eikonal approximation and Sinc approximation have been used in this study. Using these approximations a relation has been established between shadow radius and absorption cross section of black holes.The graphical analysis in this study was performed with Origin software. An oscillatory pattern was found in the absorption cross section of the Reissner-Nordstrom metric for charges Q=0 to 1.0. The graphical dependence of the total absorption cross section on frequency indicates an inverse relationship between the charge and total absorption cross section. For small value of shadow radii the high energy absorption cross section of Reissner-Nordstrom (RN) black holes,as approximated by the sinc function,exhibits a slow increase with fluctuations(shadow radius, R_S<6). However,for large value of shadow radii of RN black holes absorption cross section rises in an exponential manner(R_S<120). The total absorption cross section and mass variables exhibit an exponential correlation with respect to Schwarzschild and RN black holes. The connection between the sinc approximation and the absorption cross section of Reissner Nordstrom black holes is calculated, which is crucial for unraveling the Physics of black holes.A comparative graphical analysis of absorption cross section of different types of black holes offers a visual understanding of their similarities and differences.